What are the functions of ultrasound sonochemistry?
Introduction:
The severe bubble rupture during ultrasonic cavitation process can lead to extreme local temperature, heating/cooling rate, and pressure, thereby triggering many sonochemical processes, including ester exchange (used for producing biodiesel), pollutant degradation, and pasteurization, crude oil desulfurization, and so on. An ultrasonic processor with high-frequency amplitude can perform any scale of sonochemical treatment.
The high amplitude ultrasound processor we provide is suitable for various sonochemical applications. It can maintain extremely high ultrasonic amplitude on any operating scale, thus greatly enhancing the sonochemical process, and can directly implement laboratory results in the production environment.
Principle:
In chemistry, acoustic cavitation refers to the formation, growth, and implosion of tiny bubbles. Cavitation bubbles consist of compression and expansion cycles. The compression cycle causes the positive pressure in the liquid to push molecules together. On the contrary, the expansion cycle causes negative pressure to pull molecules apart from each other. Once bubbles grow very rapidly until they cannot absorb energy from sound waves. In this case, the liquid will pour in and the bubbles will burst. The entire process disrupts the attraction of molecules in the liquid phase. The explosion of cavitation bubbles is rapid, and these tiny bubbles formed during ultrasonic treatment will raise the temperature of the liquid around the cavity and generate local hotspots. However, the area is so small that the heat dissipates quickly. On the other hand, a very high pressure is generated during bubble rupture, which is approximately 1000 atmospheres. Although extreme conditions are very limited, ultrasonic treatment can generate extreme physical and chemical conditions in liquids. This allows ultrasound to be applied in extraction, crushing and mixing, emulsification, dispersion and stirring, defoaming and degassing, and accelerating reactions.
Cavitation effect:
Ultrasonic sonochemistry is caused by cavitation phenomenon. Ultrasound passing through the liquid continuously compresses and expands it. High intensity ultrasound provides the energy required to disperse the liquid phase. When the maximum pressure is reached, liquid rupture occurs at points with weak cohesion. After this rupture, overpressure appeared at the point of rupture and some cavities were found to exist. In these voids, the gas dissolved in the liquid explodes in the form of bubbles after a short period of time.
Advantages of ultrasonic equipment:
1. Compared with conventional methods, ultrasonic technology has higher efficiency and shorter time.
2. Compared with other processes, ultrasonic technology does not require high temperature or high pressure, has good safety, is easy to operate, and is easy to maintain.
3. It has broad spectrum and wide applicability, and the vast majority of liquids can be treated with ultrasound.
4. In most cases, ultrasonic equipment has fewer operating steps, a simple process, is not easy to cause pollution, and has lower temperatures, making it suitable for the operation of thermal sensitive target components.
5. Compared with conventional methods, ultrasonic equipment is simple, has low production costs, and significant comprehensive economic benefits.
6. Compared with some traditional methods, ultrasonic technology is an effective method that is easier to operate and maintain.
Ultrasonic processor:
There are three types of ultrasonic processors used for liquid processing: 500-1000W (experimental scale), 1500 (pilot scale), and 1500-3000W (industrial scale). The system can operate in flow mode, which means there is no limit to the total amount of liquid processed.
Application:
Ultrasonic sonochemical treatment equipment can be used for emulsification of cosmetics and skincare products, pharmaceutical ointments, dispersion of graphene, ink coatings, homogenization treatment, petroleum emulsification, extraction processing, cell, ballast water crushing, treatment, and accelerated reaction of chemical raw materials.
